whatisgithub

What is dotenv?

symfony/dotenv — explained in plain English

Analysis updated 2026-06-26

3,799PHPAudience · developerComplexity · 2/5Setup · easy

In one sentence

A PHP library that loads environment variables from a .env file into your app at startup, so you can safely store secrets like API keys and database passwords outside your codebase.

Mindmap

mindmap
  root((symfony/dotenv))
    What it does
      Reads .env file
      Sets env variables
      Supports layered files
    Tech Stack
      PHP
      Composer
      Symfony component
    Use Cases
      Store API keys
      Dev vs prod config
      Multi-file loading
    Audience
      PHP developers
      Backend builders
Click or tap to explore — scroll the page freely

Code map

Detail Auto

An interactive map of this repo's files and how they connect — its source is parsed live in your browser. Click Visualize to build it.

filefunction / class

What do people build with it?

USE CASE 1

Load a .env file at app startup so database passwords and API keys never appear in your source code.

USE CASE 2

Use layered .env files (.env.env.local.env.production) to keep local developer settings separate from what's deployed.

USE CASE 3

Install via Composer and configure in seconds to add environment-variable support to any PHP project.

USE CASE 4

Overwrite already-set environment variables by loading a second .env file for integration testing.

What is it built with?

PHPComposerSymfony

How does it compare?

symfony/dotenvampache/ampacheralouphie/getallheaders
Stars3,7993,7973,797
LanguagePHPPHPPHP
Setup difficultyeasyhardeasy
Complexity2/54/51/5
Audiencedevelopergeneraldeveloper

Figures from each repo's GitHub metadata at analysis time.

How do you get it running?

Difficulty · easy Time to first run · 5min

Requires Composer, install with one command, then call the load method in your app bootstrap.

License information is not mentioned in the explanation.

So what is it?

This is a PHP library that reads configuration values from a special file called .env and makes them available to your application at runtime. The .env file is a plain text file where you store things like database passwords, API keys, or other settings that should not be hardcoded directly in your code. When your application starts, this library loads the .env file and places those values into PHP's built-in environment containers so the rest of your code can read them. You can load one file or several files at once, and there is an option to overwrite values that were already set before the library ran. It also supports a layered loading approach where different files apply depending on what environment your app is running in, such as development or production. This makes it straightforward to keep local settings separate from what gets deployed to a server. The library is published as a Symfony component and is installed via Composer, PHP's standard package manager. The README is intentionally short because this is a focused, single-purpose tool with no complex setup.

Copy-paste prompts

Prompt 1
I'm building a PHP app and want to store my database credentials in a .env file instead of hardcoding them. Show me how to install symfony/dotenv via Composer and load the file at app startup.
Prompt 2
How do I use symfony/dotenv to load different .env files for local development versus production deployment?
Prompt 3
I need to overwrite existing environment variables when running tests. How do I configure symfony/dotenv to force-load a .env.test file and override current values?
Prompt 4
What does the symfony/dotenv Composer install command look like, and where in my PHP bootstrap file should I call the load method?

Frequently asked questions

What is dotenv?

A PHP library that loads environment variables from a .env file into your app at startup, so you can safely store secrets like API keys and database passwords outside your codebase.

What language is dotenv written in?

Mainly PHP. The stack also includes PHP, Composer, Symfony.

What license does dotenv use?

License information is not mentioned in the explanation.

How hard is dotenv to set up?

Setup difficulty is rated easy, with roughly 5min to a first successful run.

Who is dotenv for?

Mainly developer.

Open on GitHub → Ask about another repo

This repo across BitVibe Labs

Verify against the repo before relying on details.