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What is three.js?

mrdoob/three.js — explained in plain English

Analysis updated 2026-06-20

112,340JavaScriptAudience · developerComplexity · 3/5Setup · easy

In one sentence

A JavaScript library that makes it straightforward to create and display 3D graphics in a web browser using WebGL and WebGPU, without writing raw graphics code.

Mindmap

mindmap
  root((three.js))
    Core concepts
      Scene
      Camera
      Renderer
      Meshes and materials
    Renderer types
      WebGL
      WebGPU
      SVG addon
      CSS3D addon
    Use cases
      Product viewers
      3D games
      Data visualization
      VR and AR
    Tech
      JavaScript
      WebGL
      WebGPU
      Web Audio
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Code map

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filefunction / class

What do people build with it?

USE CASE 1

Add a rotating 3D product model to an e-commerce site so customers can view it from all angles.

USE CASE 2

Build an in-browser 3D game with characters, terrain, and animations without needing a full game engine.

USE CASE 3

Create an interactive 3D data visualization that lets users explore data by orbiting the camera.

USE CASE 4

Build a WebVR or WebAR experience that runs directly in a browser without installing an app.

What is it built with?

JavaScriptWebGLWebGPUWeb Audio

How does it compare?

mrdoob/three.jsaxios/axiosnodejs/node
Stars112,340109,027117,059
LanguageJavaScriptJavaScriptJavaScript
Setup difficultyeasyeasyhard
Complexity3/51/54/5
Audiencedeveloperdeveloperdeveloper

Figures from each repo's GitHub metadata at analysis time.

How do you get it running?

Difficulty · easy Time to first run · 30min

No build tool required for simple projects, import three.js from a CDN and write a few dozen lines of JavaScript to get a 3D scene running.

Check the repository for the specific license, three.js is widely used in open-source and commercial web projects.

So what is it?

three.js is a JavaScript library for creating and displaying three-dimensional graphics inside a web browser. The problem it solves is that drawing 3D content from scratch with browser APIs is very low-level and verbose, three.js wraps that complexity in a friendlier set of building blocks so developers can put 3D scenes on a web page without writing raw graphics code. The way it works follows the standard pieces of a 3D scene. You create a scene, which is the world your objects live in, and a camera that defines what part of the world is visible. You add objects to the scene built from a geometry, which is the shape, and a material, which is what the surface looks like. A renderer then draws everything to the page on every animation frame, and you change object properties like rotation over time to make things move. The README states the goal is an easy-to-use, lightweight, cross-browser, general-purpose 3D library. The current builds include WebGL and WebGPU renderers, with SVG and CSS3D renderers available as add-ons. The topics list mentions augmented reality, virtual reality, and Web Audio as related areas. You would use three.js when you want to put interactive 3D content on a website: a product viewer that lets visitors rotate an object, a data visualization with depth, an in-browser game, an architectural walkthrough, or an experimental art piece. The README points to extensive documentation, a manual, a large gallery of examples, and a community forum and Discord.

Copy-paste prompts

Prompt 1
Using three.js, write the complete code to create a webpage that shows a spinning 3D cube with a metallic material, a directional light, and an orbit camera control.
Prompt 2
I want to load a GLTF 3D model file into a three.js scene, center it on screen, and let the user rotate it by dragging. Show me the full setup.
Prompt 3
Using three.js and WebGPU renderer, create a particle system that simulates falling snow inside a 3D scene.
Prompt 4
I'm building a product configurator where users can change the color of a 3D object in real time. Show me how to swap materials on a mesh in three.js when a user clicks a color button.
Prompt 5
Show me how to add a VR button to a three.js scene so users with a VR headset can enter the 3D environment directly from their browser.

Frequently asked questions

What is three.js?

A JavaScript library that makes it straightforward to create and display 3D graphics in a web browser using WebGL and WebGPU, without writing raw graphics code.

What language is three.js written in?

Mainly JavaScript. The stack also includes JavaScript, WebGL, WebGPU.

What license does three.js use?

Check the repository for the specific license, three.js is widely used in open-source and commercial web projects.

How hard is three.js to set up?

Setup difficulty is rated easy, with roughly 30min to a first successful run.

Who is three.js for?

Mainly developer.

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