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What is kind?

higherorderco/kind — explained in plain English

Analysis updated 2026-07-03

3,743HaskellAudience · researcherComplexity · 4/5Setup · hard

In one sentence

A minimal proof language built on the foundations of Type Theory, giving researchers and advanced developers a tiny, auditable core for formally reasoning about program correctness.

Mindmap

mindmap
  root((Kind))
    What it is
      Proof language
      Type Theory core
      Minimal design
    Language features
      Functions
      Self types
      Pattern matching
      Data types
    Use cases
      Formal proofs
      Language research
      Type system study
    Audience
      Researchers
      Type theory experts
      PL developers
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Code map

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filefunction / class

What do people build with it?

USE CASE 1

Study the core grammar of a minimal Type Theory system by reading the formal specification and experimenting with small terms via the kind command.

USE CASE 2

Build a custom proof assistant or formal verification tool on top of Kind's stripped-down foundation.

USE CASE 3

Use Kind as an auditable base layer to reason about program correctness using formal type system rules.

What is it built with?

Haskell

How does it compare?

higherorderco/kindinput-output-hk/cardano-slsimonmichael/hledger
Stars3,7433,7634,490
LanguageHaskellHaskellHaskell
Setup difficultyhardhardmoderate
Complexity4/55/52/5
Audienceresearcherresearchergeneral

Figures from each repo's GitHub metadata at analysis time.

How do you get it running?

Difficulty · hard Time to first run · 1h+

Requires a Haskell toolchain (GHC, Stack, or Cabal) to build from source, no binaries are provided and no beginner tutorial is included.

No explicit license is mentioned in the repository.

So what is it?

Kind is a very small, raw proof language built on top of Type Theory. Type Theory is a branch of mathematics and computer science concerned with formally proving that programs are correct. Kind strips that idea down to its most basic form, giving you a minimal foundation rather than a full-featured system. The project is written in Haskell and is used via a command-line tool called kind. To get started, you clone the repository, install it, and then run the kind command to check or evaluate terms you write. The README for this project is mostly a formal grammar specification. It describes the building blocks of the language: types of terms such as functions, applications, type annotations, self types, data types, constructors, pattern matches, numeric operations, and holes. If you have worked with a functional or proof language before, this notation will look familiar. If you have not, it reads as a compact rule-set that defines every valid piece of syntax the language accepts. The documentation provided is minimal and technical. There is no tutorial, no worked examples, and no explanation of what problems the language is intended to solve beyond "a very raw and minimal Type Theory." This is clearly a project aimed at researchers or developers already comfortable with formal type systems who want a small, auditable core they can reason about or build upon. If you are looking for a beginner-friendly proof assistant, this is not the right starting point. If you want a stripped-down Type Theory core to study or extend, Kind offers exactly that with very little overhead on top of the fundamental ideas.

Copy-paste prompts

Prompt 1
I am exploring Kind, the minimal Type Theory language. Show me how to write a simple function type, apply it, and check it with the kind command-line tool.
Prompt 2
Help me understand the self types and pattern match constructs in Kind's grammar specification and write a small working example.
Prompt 3
I want to extend Kind with a new primitive. Walk me through where in the Haskell codebase the core term grammar is defined.
Prompt 4
Explain the difference between Kind's approach to Type Theory and a larger proof assistant like Agda or Lean, using Kind's own grammar as the reference.

Frequently asked questions

What is kind?

A minimal proof language built on the foundations of Type Theory, giving researchers and advanced developers a tiny, auditable core for formally reasoning about program correctness.

What language is kind written in?

Mainly Haskell. The stack also includes Haskell.

What license does kind use?

No explicit license is mentioned in the repository.

How hard is kind to set up?

Setup difficulty is rated hard, with roughly 1h+ to a first successful run.

Who is kind for?

Mainly researcher.

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